Nutritional for health and social care Essay

Asses how the plan will meet the nutritional needs of the chosen individual. D2- Evaluate how nutrition plan might improve the health of the chosen individual. Looking back at the nutritional food plan for the week for my individual which I previously done in my P3, I will be looking back at the kind of food and exercise the individual was doing in that week. This will then link into my D2- as in my previous P5 for this unit I had to create my own healthier diet plan for my individual and I will be evaluating how my plan may help the individual’s health. When looking back at the week’s nutrition food diary you could see by looking at my previous P4 for this unit the lack of healthy nutritional diet intake this individual was having with me just writing everything which she was eating in just a week, with her having a busy life style my individual would always pick up food on the go for example a take away such as Mac Donald’s, KFC, Subway, Chicken burger. The healthy allowance of calories a day for a girls and women is 2,000 a day. With looking back at my individuals normal food intake in that weak some days her calorie allowance was way over the limit and on other days it would not even met the allowance of calories a day. My individual on her week of normal routine, she was getting mac Donald’s on her go for example for lunch she was eating a Big Mac meal medium the burger alone was 490 calories, medium fries 390, chocolate milkshake medium 390 this alone was 1,270 calories just for the individuals lunch, when you are eating take away it is ok to have them now and again in your diet as in some extent there is some good nutrition in your diet, but on the other hand there is also a lot more bad fats in this food which can affect an individual’s weight and health if there was too much intake of take away in her diet. By the individual planning her nutritional weekly this will then make sure that she is meeting her healthy nutritional needs. While planning this I looked at social policy’s online, I found websites and policy’s to help me work out to create my plan for my individual I used the eat well plan this gave me the guide ness of looking at what the balance was healthy for my individual. 1. Eating plenty of fruit and veg- This was good for me to think about hen my individual could eat her fruit most important in the day, as before creating the healthy plan she was not eating lot of fruit, it is very important that individuals get their five a day, this could be used when the individual is on the go instead of going to get a take away, she can go and eat some fruit which is going to fill her up as much as the take away but will be better for her health and her body, it will also give her a better nutrition to the body and also her brain for energy. This is also for her veg as well which we need to have every day. 2. Plenty of potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and other starchy foods- All this kind of foods are healthy but we cannot have too many of them, but we need to make sure that we have them in our diet and this is because it gives us or nutritional needs of fibre which we need. 3.  Some milk and eggs- With making sure that my individual has some milk and egg in her diet which will make sure that her bones and teeth are getting strong and her body is not getting weaker. 4. Meat, fish- The meat and fish can be used in the lunch and also dinner but could mostly be used in meat which could be for dinners which gives us protein. For the individual to have lunch she can have foods such as tuna with a jacket potato, this is better for her nutritional needs. 5.  Small amount of fats and sugar- In our diet we do need to have some bad fats and diets in our body and this is because our bodies needs it in order to be healthy, if we do not have the right amount of this say if we have less of it our body’s will become drained and we will feel drained and tired however if we have too much of the wrong fats and sugar we can make more fatty tissues in our body which can affect the our breathing and also making us over weight and in some case’s obese. This information was found on the NHS website http://www. nhs. uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/eatwell-plate. spx, it list the right amount of food which we need but remembering that every individual needs are different. I also looked at the healthy eating website which gave me ideas for healthy eating for my individual which are on the go and also time consuming food meals. Looking back at my P6 for unit 21 I had to plan a healthier diet plan for my individual this included the portion sizes which she should be eating, the amount of exercise a day such as jogging, walking, swimming, how many glasses of water and drink that the individual should be taking in order to have a healthier nutritional intake, with planning this lan for a week for this individual it will improve not just her diet but also to think about what she is actually eating and putting into her body, thinking how many calories are in each food, the actual good and bad foods which are in certain foods, making actual time i n her life to make a home cooked healthy meal for herself which is going to taste better and also be better for her. I included exercise in my individuals diet, this is so that she is burning off and keeping fit the food which she is consuming in her body and her body is being challenged to work and burn of the fat which is in her body and does not need to be there, this will improve her fitness which will also start to make her feel better, have more energy in herself, this will also make her to start encouraging and also enjoying more healthier food, if the individual encourages herself to start doing some exercise in her diet three times a week she will start seeing the benefits for this. I have previously said about having more fruit in her nutrition diet instead of diet, if my individual was to pick up an apple, banana, strawberries on the go after she has had her breakfast and is getting hungry before lunch time she is not only building up her five a day she is also giving the right energy needs in her body, she can also experiment with her fruit for her desserts with making things more sweater which could be with a low fat yoghurt and also a meringue with fruit this is just making it more exciting than just a bowl of fruit. With her also looking back at the eat well plate this will improve her cooking skills and also her knowledge of what the portion sizes of her food should be for herself, as you can see from the diet need in P4 there was some days where her portion size and also calories was right over the limit and there was some days where she would only have something little for her lunch and that is it for the day, this is still not healthy for her as body is not getting enough nutrition’s for her body to be able to function the right way.

Patient-Centered Care

Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care1 Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care2 Patient-centered Care In the definition of patient-centered care it states that we should recognize the patient as the source of control in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs(NAP, 2003). In this quantitative teaching strategy by Pamela Ironside, PhD, RN, FAAN she aims to do that, along with physical comfort and some emotional support for the family.In a culture as diverse as the United States it is of great importance that individuals in the health care field learn to communicate and understand each patient. We must remember when implementing a communication strategy, that there are many elements that affect the experience: cultural variations, personal dignity, and interpersonal relationships. Gathering knowledge of patient’s beliefs, and values, along with community preferences can be an effective strategy to overcoming diversity and improving communication.It is important to understand not only that people are different but also how to embrace these differences in order to supply individuals with appropriate healthcare. This is a teaching strategy about a couple who thought they were doing the best for their first born child but in return was possibly going to lose them forever. There were decisions that they were going to have to make, whether to continue with the treatment or stop it. This was not a usual couple though, they were Buddhists and the staff had no idea what the rituals for death and dying were, along with looking different the couple had dread locks, tattoos, andEvidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care3 multiple piercings but they also were a mother and father who may be losing their baby. As the nurse introduces herself, which is every time we enter the patient’s room, she is determined to find some sort of connection with the mother. Who turned out to be a very distraught mother who was unable to make any important decisions. The nurse realizes the mother is unable to make clear decisions and talks to her supervisor to set up a care conference so they could talk about this baby’s quality of life.There comes the time when you have to say â€Å"goodbye† to a loved one. Could you do it? Or would you want the doctor to do anything and everything possible to save your loved ones life? Each person has his or her own set of values, norms, and beliefs. Individuals share these with others from their own culture; however with the vast number of separate cultures today it is important to understand not only that people are different but also how to embrace these differences in order to supply individuals with appropriate healthcare.There are many ways in which differences and cultures can affect health care services. Different cultures have different beliefs about health, wellne ss, and healing. This couple wanted to keep their newborn away from all the â€Å"bugs† in the hospital, but that is possibly where his/her life ended. Showing support and respect for different health beliefs creates a better interpersonal relationship between patient and nurse along with the physician. Health care providers should seek and obtain knowledge of their patient’s diverse cultures.In today’s world of diversity, knowledge is a valuable resource. The more the health care providers know the more they will Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care4 understand. When treated with dignity, respect, and genuine concern, a patient along with the entire family is more relaxed and at ease. Evidence Based Practice: Patient-centered Care5 Ironside, P. M. Exploring the Complexity of Advocacy: Balancing Patient-Centered Care and Safety. (n. d. ). Retrieved May 21, 2007, from http://www. qsen. org/teachingstrategy. php? id=58

Healthcare Marketing

An orthopedic group practice has decided to develop a pediatric sports medicine program. Identify potential target markets for this new service.At the core of the marketing program is the target market, the group of customers whom the organization wishes to attract (Berkowitz, 2011). Potential target markets for a pediatric sports medicine program may be local schools and recreational parks with athletic programs. Many kids participate in sports at their school and/or neighborhood park so the orthopedic group should definitely target its pediatric sports medicine program marketing within these targets.In developing the new pediatric sports medicine program (described above in question 3), what are some of the uncontrollable environmental factors to consider?Some uncontrollable environment factors to consider in this market would be Economic factors, Social factors, and competitive forces.A major concern for many health care professionals is the belief that marketing â€Å"createsâ⠂¬  needs. Explain the complexity of this issue.Explain the difference between existing customers, target markets, and stakeholders for an acute-care community hospital.Existing customers would be the individuals/patients already using the facility. Target market is the group of customers whom the organization wishes to attract. Stakeholders are any group with which the firm has and/or  wants to develop a relationship with (patients, board of directors, suppliers, physicians, employers).Chapter 2:2. Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, has long been considered an outstanding medical center specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric problems. This facility is linked academically to the Harvard University Medical School. Conduct a brief SWOT analysis for Children’s Hospital in light of the present health care environment.A SWOT analysis is vital for any organization because it’s a way of breaking down the organizations strengths and weakn esses including both internal and external environmental factors. A potential internal environmental factor may be being linked to Harvard University and any issues or trend changes with the University could possibly affect the hospital. A potential external environmental factor could include economic, social, an even competitive forces. Luckily according to our textbook, â€Å"in the Boston metropolitan area, Children’s Hospital has been recognized as a leader in pediatric care. Although other competitors also provide pediatric service, the differential advantage rests with Children’s Hospital and it’s narrow market focus† (Berkowitz, 2011).Describe the possible barriers to entry and exit for: (a) a physician wanting to establish a solo practice office in internal medicine, (b) a company offering a health club facility in the same building where employees work, and (c) a tertiary hospital developing a coronary bypass program.Consolidation ââ€" ª System integration ââ€" ª Certificate of NeedRetin-A is a topical ointment originally developed for the treatment of severe cases of acne and related skin disorders. An observed side benefit resulting from use of this product is its beneficial effect on aging skin.  If the manufacturer of this product decided to pursue the latter market, what type of a growth strategy would it be pursuing?Chapter 3:What environmental factors would you suggest account for: (a) in-company clinics that deal with employee medical problems, such as the one established by Toyota, and (b) the success of after-hours clinics and urgent care facilities in many metropolitan areas?Assume you were hired to design a MCO plan targeted to baby boomers in San Antonio, Texas, a city with a large Hispanic population. How would you make this service offering unique to respond to the major trends discussed within this chapter?A primary care medical group has a list of patients who had once used the group on a regular basis as their primary source of care. However, in scanning their records, these patients had not been in for an appointment in the past 2 years. The senior partner wants to send them an informational flyer about the practice and a refrigerator magnet that has the group’s telephone number and after hour’s service number. As the marketing director for the practice, evaluate this approach in light of the HIPAA regulations. Can it be implemented?

Netflix Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Netflix - Case Study Example Before Netflix, Blockbuster had been a sole giant of the industry but its business was totally focusing the rental DVDs through retail outlet points. Those retail outlets carried few employees who can hardly recommend to the customers about the movies except the hit releases. Yet, the company was serving the whole United States as no other competitor had such resources to expand such bigger chain of DVD rental locations. What Blockbuster strived hard is to open so many DVD rental outlets such that the farthest retail outlet is around ten minutes drive in the urban areas of United States. The hit movies and recent releases were the ones that were the major occupiers of the shelves of the Blockbuster’s rental outlets as the demand for lesser-known movies had been very slow and uncertain. With the entry of Netflix in the rental DVD industry, Netflix adopted a first mover strategy such that rather opening rental DVD outlets, it started its operations by renting out the DVDs through internet based web portal. The company made an investment in its website such that the subscribers subscribed their accounts on Netflix’s website and then they can choose their preferred movies from a wide collection of movies held by Netflix. Those DVDs, which are selected by the subscribers, are sent to them via direct mail through US Postal Services. In around a day, those movies are shipped to their respective destinations at a cost of $4 per movie along with $2 cost of shipping and handling. The biggest advantage reaped by the customers was that now they can even have the access to the lesser-known movies, which ordinarily cannot be easily available at the rental DVD outlets. Another greater advantage that Netflix provided to its customers was the waiver of â€Å"late fees† which substantially boosted its business. Pricing was also an important aspect through which Netflix climbed quickly in terms of reaping the profits. Firstly, the

What are Yang and Yin in Chinese philosophy Essay

What are Yang and Yin in Chinese philosophy - Essay Example This philosophical concept also has a rich chronological record since its discovery and elaboration by ancient Chinese philosophers. The philosophical ideology was approximately formulated in 700BC (Mou, 2003). Since the onset of this period, every phenomenon in the physical and social domains was reduced to yin and yang. The concept of yin and yang was introduced and enhanced by ancient scholars in the Yin dynasty (Mou, 2003). The scholars developed the ideology in gradual steps through history. Yin and yang mainly involves the opposite and complementary association among two different phenomena. The philosophical concept represents two opposite principles in all factors of nature. Yin and yang concepts are key contributors towards specific processes of change. Therefore, the relationship of yin and yang is only observable and evident in the progression of change (Mou, 2003). The end result of this affiliation of the opposite forces is development. Development therefore is attained through the complementary interaction of the opposite forces of yin and yang. The attainment of change through the gradual interaction of the opposite forces gives a new definition to situations (Mou, 2003). Events are always dynamic in the interaction of yin and yang. In this case, the affiliation of the yin and yang forces keeps shifting throughout the interaction. Dominance of either force determines the progression of the development process. Despite of the dominance of a single force, the yin and yang keeps complementing one another for the process of development (Mou, 2003). The association of yin and yang is universal in all situations of change or development. As denoted previously, the principle of yin and yang applies universally in diverse contexts of change and development. It explains social and physical processes through evaluation of diverse affiliations amongst complementary and opposite phenomenon (Mou, 2003). As a philosophical ideology, the concept of yin and yang explains social as well as physical processes. For example, there has been a significant application of the yin and yang concept in Chinese medicine. This is one of the physical domains that illustrate the concepts of yin and yang in explaining change processes (Mou, 2003). The yin force represents a block of specific characteristics. The yin force represents passive, female, as well as negative principle of nature. It comprises a shaded orientation, the moon, and the north or shady side of a hill. The yin force also represents the south of a river (Mou, 2003). The yang force represents the opposite constituents of the yin force. This force comprises of active, positive as well as male principle of nature. It entails the sunny or south of the hill. It as well represents the north of a river (Mou, 2003). Evidently, the yin and yang forces reflect and characterize opposing features. The forces are therefore mutually exclusive to each other. The medics in China borrow this association significantly in the explanation of change processes in the field. Yin and yang relationships have basic features in their interactions. Aspects of Yin and Yang relationship Inter-transformation Yin and yang relationships are characterized by inter-transformational courses. One force can change into the other through the process of their interaction (Mou, 2003). This aspect is facilitated by the complementary affiliation of the two opposite forces. The inter-transformational feature is however not a random event. It has its appointed time as determined by the course of the affiliation that exists within the forces (Mou, 2003). The time dependent inter-transformation also defines the nature of the ultimate result of development. Therefore, when the

Micro economics assignments(video response) Assignment

Micro economics assignments(video response) - Assignment Example In tandem with the second video, the third video focuses upon engaging the consumer â€Å"outside the traditional ad†. As such, the video focuses upon the fact that individuals have lost interest in the traditional advertising spot and have ultimately to get out; oftentimes relying upon alternative approaches as a means of integrating with the consumer. Finally, the fourth video engage the viewer with an understanding of the importance of consumer sentiment and the relevance of test groups, market outreach, market research, and psychology with regards to ultimately selling a product to a given consumer. Within such a level of analysis, each of these specific videos helps to discuss and analyze the manner through which human activity is formed on a subconscious level and the manner through which an advertiser/marketer can impact upon this. ... Likewise, this reduction in the cost of most goods would lead the reader to question why the consumer price index itself has not dropped further. The video explains that whereas consumer goods have come to be much lower in overall costs, the â€Å"basket† of goods and services that is measured as a means of determining CPI and inflation rates is predicated not only upon consumable goods; rather, it includes luxury items, things such as the average mortgage, services to include legal and repair, and even out of country holidays. As such, almost each and every single one of these has risen; thereby creating a situation in which inflation continues to rise even though salaries are rising at the same time and the cost of consumer goods is dropping. Work Consulted Addicted to Cheap Shopping? Why the Real Cost of Goods Keeps Going Down. Dir. BBC News. Perf. n/a.  2012. BBC News, 2012. Film. Frontline. Dir. PBS News. Perf. n/a/=.  2012. PBS, 2012.

Uniting heavens and earth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Uniting heavens and earth - Research Paper Example With the increase of scientific knowledge as it accumulates over time, there is more understanding of the natural world. Matters arising from politics, religion, ethics and esthetical judgments are in a general way away from science. Scientific knowledge is uncertain, that which is scientifically known only has some level of confidence backing it: a certain degree of probability. A lot of scientific ideas have gone through tests and have shown their reliability. These have been the closest to facts as any idea could be yet some are just hunches that are pending testing that will finally prove their probability. Yet there also exists the in betweens at every level. Science has the ability of being done poorly and being misused. There exist all forms of quackery, wrong advertisements, and forms of pseudoscience that have unconfirmed information being used as facts to prove or disapprove a huge range of mysterious phenomenon. The process of science is social as it is done by people work ing together in collaboration. The procedure, outcomes and analysis must be shared among the scientific community, and the public in conferences and other review platforms. In such forums, fraud, errors and oversights get exposed and true findings can be affirmed and confirmed. Due to the fact that it is being done by people, it also has its biases that can be addressed by the fact that it is open (Indiana.edu 2014). Isaac Newton’s work changed how humanity understands the universe in a manner simplified in three laws.

Feminist Political Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feminist Political Thought - Essay Example God has created her, given her the status of more equal. None can amend that right. It is the woman, in her role and condition as mother, gives protection in the initial nine months in her womb, to the creative force of the nature for perennial continuity of the human race, male or female. But unfortunately, a female child is victimized at every step of life, from the moment of birth, notwithstanding the fact that it is she who sacrifices at those steps. The main disadvantage of the woman is her body. Simone de Beauvoir, an avowed life-long existentialist, presents a different and somewhat confusing picture of human freedom, in which women struggle against the inherent disadvantages of the body, changing contours of her body and bodily functions, and how society casts its impact on this issue. Beauvoir presents female body in both its positive and negative aspects. She considers women partly oppressed and partly free and this condition depends on the disposition of the concerned woma n to the challenges posed by the society, especially the male section of the society. Regarding the status of the body of the woman Beauvoir raises questions, provides answers and again raises questions and finally she finds it difficult to provide the final answer. Her opinions raise conflicting reactions not only for the men but also to women. What is important is her seriousness and earnestness to find an amicable solution to the vexed men-women issue? She sums up her quest and argues, â€Å"Within the given world, it is up to man to make the reign of freedom triumph, to carry off this supreme victory, men and women, must, among other things and beyond their natural differentiations, unequivocally, affirm their brotherhood.†(766) Beauvoir doesn’t visualise much of an issue for the woman on account of her biological conditions. The problem is about the attitude of the woman to such conditions, whether they are positive or negative. She argues, â€Å"But is also true that there are conditions without which the very fact of existence would seem to be impossible. Presence in the world vigorously implies the positing of a body that is both a thing of the world and a point of view on this world: but this body need not possess this or that particular structure.†(24) The observation of Beauvoir regarding the pre-adolescent boys and girls that they are not very different is notable. De Beauvoir points out that pre-adolescent boys and girls are really not very different: they â€Å"have the same interests and the same pleasures† (295). The initial psychological differences between them are relatively negligible. The interference and influence of the flesh brings forth new issues for the feminine gender. The changed conditions give rise to change in perceptions. With each brisk change, her experiences are traumatic and distance her more sharply from the opposite sex. Beauvoir argues about this condition of the female body, â€Å"The young girl feels that her body is getting away from her†¦ on the street men follow her with their eyes and comment on her anatomy. She would like to be invisible; it frightens her to become flesh and to show flesh† (p333).Whether the body is a condition for the woman? In her efforts to find an answer to this question, Beauvoir is both confused and conciliatory about the physical and mental condition of an adolescent girl. She justifies her stand by giving

Marketing Research Objectives and marketing theory Essay

Marketing Research Objectives and marketing theory - Essay Example The simplest definition of marketing is however, the process of influencing consumer behaviour in a number of ways into purchasing a product according to a marketer’s agenda. The ways used to influence consumer behaviour vary but the commonality amongst all of them is to convey to the audience that the product is an object of necessity. Nowadays, communication of this sort is done between a marketer and its consumers through mediums such as advertising through the radio, print and the vibrant electronic media (Pride & Ferrell, 2011). Having had a general idea about the concept of marketing, in order to orchestrate it, marketers all around the world need to carry out some planning through researching to guide themselves and this is called marketing research. The American marketing association defines marketing research as being the means of creating a link between the consumer, customer, as well as public to the marketer with information which would enable him to identify marketing opportunities as well as issues, and lead towards making them more efficient and productive in every way (Malhotra, 2008). If this is so then it is understandable that in order to proceed towards conducting a marketing research a set of research objectives would be needed to make sure the effort is headed in the right direction (McDaniel & Gates, 1998); (Berkowitz, 2011)? The research objectives would and can be directly tailored according to the goal expected to be achieved through the process of the marketing research (McDaniel & Gates, 1998). If the aim of the marketing research by a marketer was to determine whether his food and drinks company for example should introduce a new ‘energy drink’, the research objectives of that specific marketing research campaign could be; Identify the differences between the tastes of the various drinks being offered by the competitors and compare them with their respective

How Critical is Planning and Modelling in Delivering a Potentially Essay

How Critical is Planning and Modelling in Delivering a Potentially Successful E-Business - Essay Example As the paper discusses in the 21st century, times have changed; now, even young people are getting in to businesses, and all is from the comfort of one’s home or office. Now, people dress up casually; gone are the days of shiny shoes and ties. Today, even dressed in jeans and a t-shirt, one can run a successful business online, and a 24-year-old today can very well be a chairman of their own company.THis essay stresses that one may ask how it is possible to explain this phenomenon.  Ã‚   It’s called e-business.   The letter â€Å"e† in the word stands for electronic, and it’s a business run on computers through the internet and has web pages attached to it. This phrase can be described as the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT).   This is like a support holder for all the activities which are related to the businesses.   The most important activity or a supporter of any business is purely dependent upon commerce, which is the taking and giving of any services or products which happen to lie between groups or individuals or, in our case, businesses.   Now, the function of the e-commerce is to use the ICT to allow the relationships of the businesses with groups or with other businesses to grow.  The process which is involved in e-business is comprised of the value chain, buying of electronics, and managing the supply chain.   The orders which get placed should be processed electronically, and customer services should be handled and a very good co-operation should exist between the business partners.   ... The process which is involved in e-business is comprised of the value chain, buying of electronics, and managing the supply chain. The orders which get placed should be processed electronically, and customer services should be handled and a very good co-operation should exist between the business partners. The way that this business is conducted is usually by the internet, web, extranets, intranets or maybe by the combination of both (Biondo Communications, n.d.). But getting to the new forms of e-businesses which are creating havoc in the net industry consists of web 2.0 applications in which one includes RSS , blogging, instant messaging, digital TV, pod casting and mobile marketing; today many new devices have also been introduced to keep up with the e-marketing (Chaffey, 2002). There are also certain terms which are included in using e-business namely (International Economic Development Council, 2009). These entities and terms work in four basic categories: business towards business, business towards consumer, government towards consumer, and government towards business. There are many advantages of opening this kind of business, as well as disadvantages. They allow to have easy communication amongst the buyer and the seller as well as providing the marketing skills to be more polished. But the downside is that it has to be operational 24/7 in order to cater to all, because due to this, more coverage is available on research. And, it also allows the chance to take in new business models. and better the customer support system if needed. Having talked about e-business, it is essential to know how important planning and

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Adventure of the Speckled Band   Essay This passage is very strange since it is a comedy scene in a very serious situation. It is in contrast to the rest of the story and may have been used to give light relief to the reader following the tense episodes before.  Towards the end of the story, the writer takes us inside the mind of anarchist. Showing us how he feels triumphant and more powerful than any anarchist before, how he has now become infamous.  How brilliantly he had planned it, forged the letter of introduction, and got into the laboratory, and how brilliantly he had seized his opportunity! The world should hear of him at last. All those people who had sneered at him, neglected him, preferred other people to him, found his company undesirable, should consider him at last. This is ironic because, as he is getting more and more confident about being famous, the tube containing Cholera breaks on him. The anarchist knows that he will now be the first to die and that he now cannot kill anyone else as he had hoped. The mood changes as the anarchist is no longer feeling triumphant but depressed until he realises that if he drinks the tiny drops left that he will be the first to die but will also be a martyr to his cause. He jumps out of his cab and begins to brush himself against on as many people as he can, hoping to spread the disease. The end of the story is very ironic and has a twist which we also saw in Napoleon and the Spectre. The germ that the Anarchist stole was not a germ at all, he had stole the bacteriologists formula to turn monkey, kittens and puppies blue. He only told the anarchist it was Cholera to impress him. The bacteriologist yelled blue ruin when the anarchist had taken it because that was the name of the formula, and he chased after him because it would have been too much trouble to make another batch.  In conclusion, I thought this story was good; it had sudden mood changes which made it interesting and a twist at the end of the story, which kept the intrigue going to the end. The Adventure of the Speckled Band  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in 1859 and died in 1930. He created the world famous character Sherlock Holmes in a story called A Study in Scarlet published in 1887. He based the character on Joseph Bell, who was a surgeon he had trained with and was particularly struck by his powers of observation and logic. The Adventure of the Speckled Band was widely admired as one of the best written, most exciting Sherlock Holmes stories, it was written in 1892. The story begins with Dr. Watson, Sherlock Holmes assistant, explaining about Holmes and how he solves cases I had no keener pleasure than in following Holmes in his professional investigations, and in admiring the rapid deductions, as swift as intuitions, and yet always founded on a logical basis, with which he unravelled the problems which were submitted to him From this we not only learn Holmes method of work but also that his companion Watson, holds him in high regard. The character Watson is a little dim, which emphasises Sherlocks cleverness and intuitiveness. This shows that there is contrast between the characters. Holmes is approached by Miss Helen Stoner who is desperate for his help concerning her sisters mysterious death. On meeting Holmes he comments on her shivering it is not cold which makes me shiver. It is fear Mr Holmes. It is terror This captures the readers interest and they are eager to find out what this young lady is so afraid of.  The reader sees Sherlock Holmes deductive techniques almost at once, when he makes and observation about the sleeves of his client, Miss Helen Stoner. There is no mystery, my dear madam, said he, smiling. The left arm of your jacket is splattered with mud in no less than seven places. The marks are perfectly fresh. There is no vehicle save a dog cart which throws up mud in that way, and then only when you sit on the left hand side of the driver. This gives the reader a clear idea of how Sherlock approaches a case and his acute sense of observation. Miss Stoner is extremely anxious about her sisters mysterious death. Helens sister, Julia, died in a locked room, just before she was due to get married and her death could not be explained But I have heard Mr Holmes, that you can see deeply into the manifold wickedness of the human heart. You may advise me how to walk amid the dangers which encompass me This not only gets the full attention of Holmes but of the audience too. Helen is about to become married and is due to stay in the same room as her sister and is therefore very worried. When reading her account of what happened, we are introduced to her Step- father Dr Roylott, we learn that he has killed his butler. This gives a dark impression of him from the start. We then learn that he is to give each of his step daughters an annual sum in the event of their marriage. Doyle continues to build a negative image of Dr Roylott, referring to his temper approaching mania and him becoming the terror of the village and folks would fly at his approach, for he is a man of immense strength, and absolutely uncontrollable in his anger The reader now has a very clear image that this is a character to fear and tension is beginning to build in them as to what this man is capable of. They are also given a clue as what is coming when Doyle refers to Royletts passion for Indian animals. In contrast to Dr Royletts frightening demeanour, Doyle shows Helen Stoner and her sister to be frail, long suffering victims of this man You can imagine from what I say that my poor sister Julia and I had no great pleasure in our lives The reader is made to feel pity for these girls.  Miss Stoner goes on to relate her sisters untimely and mysterious death. We learn that Dr Roylett, Julia and Helens bedrooms were all together on the ground floor of the manor house. There is no connection between these rooms and they all open onto the same corridor. We also learn that the sisters lock themselves into their room at night as they dont feel safe with Dr Royletts exotic animals roaming around. Julia has mentioned to her a strange whistling that she has heard during the previous nights have you ever heard anyone whistle in the dead of night? This is an extremely eerie comment and intrigues the reader as to what may be responsible for this sound. We see the same technique used in Napoleon and the Spectre. It is at this point that the reader is first made aware of the speckled band As Helen recounts the events of her sisters death, she refers to a low whistle preceded a wild scream of a terrified woman. She goes on to tell how she found her sister her face blanched with terror collapsing in terrible pain and shrieking about It was a band! The speckled band. Doyle has used a lot of descriptive language to create this scene, to give the reader a clear picture of the horrendous death of this young woman. This builds the tension that is already building in the audience in terms of Dr Roylett. The next part of the story relays how Helen herself is due to be married and has to stay in the room her sister died in. On the first night there, Helen while laying awake and thinking of her sisters death, hears a low whistle. It is following this episode that Helen runs from the manor house and goes to Sherlock Holmes for help. The reader is now full of tension and is desperate to see Sherlock protect Helen from this unseen danger. This shows that Doyle has achieved a high level of climatic tension. He increases the tension further by bringing Holmes and Dr Roylett together. The description of Roylett in detailed and uses metaphors like seared with a thousand wrinkles and marked with every evil passion he ends his description by comparing Roylett to a fierce bird of prey Once again the reader is given a clear and negative picture of Roylett and empasises that Helen may be his object of prey. Holmes however is not in the slightest bit intimidated by Roylett which reassures the reader that Holmes may yet be able to protect Helen from her step father. When Roylett bends the poker with his bare hands and throws the twisted poker into the fireplace Holmes laughs at this which reinforces to the reader that Holmes is not intimidated by Roylett and is therefore the hero in the story. The story then moves to Holmes examining the three bedrooms at the manor house. He discovers that in Helens room, which was previously Julias room, that there is a dummy bell rope This is very interesting. You can see now that it is fastened to a hook just above where the little opening for the ventilator is he also spots that the ventilators do not ventilate. This allows the reader to attempt to solve the puzzles alongside Holmes which keeps them intrigued. Another clue is revealed upon the discovery of a saucer of milk on Dr Royletts desk. Doyle has given the reader enough clues to solve the mystery themselves, however he has also littered the case with red herrings. This adds to the intrigue and tension within the story. Towards the end of the story Doyle uses a conversation between Watson and Holmes to highlight the significant clues. This keeps the clues fresh in the readers mind and again gives them the opportunity to solve the case themselves. This is a clever literary device as it keeps the reader who wants to solve the crime themselves interested but for those who are not keen to do the work they still want to read on as they are aware they are near to the solution becoming evident.  The story concludes with Holmes pulling all the pieces of evidence together and giving a blow by blow description of the events. This was my favourite of the three stories. I particularly liked the way Doyle gave the reader the opportunity to solve the crime themselves. This keeps the reader actively involved with the story and makes them eager to read on to gather more and more evidence. I enjoyed the manner in which Doyle makes you care for the victim and therefore get behind Holmes in his attempts to solve the crime, even though all along you know he will. This style of writing would encourage readers to want to read more Doyle stories as you would develop an affection for Watson and Holmes. Almost as though they were personal friends.

Organic Foods in India Essay Example for Free

Organic Foods in India Essay Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumers’ decision-making process for purchase of organically produced foods in India Design/methodology/approach – Using already existing research model and scale, forming hypothesis, and testing its validity in Indian context. Using convenient sampling (Tier 1, 2 B school Graduates) to gather data for factor loading. Type of Research – Descriptive Research Introduction Organic production system is a system that produces organic foods in harmony with nature and the environment. In other words, this is a unique system which ensures that the â€Å"best practices† in the area of production are utilized to ensure that the output is a healthy and safe apart from having a positive symbiotic effect with the environment. Thus, one can say in lay man’s terms that an organic food product is one that has been produced using only natural agents in the production process. For the vast majority of human history, food has been produced organically. It was only during the 20th century that new synthetic chemicals were introduced to the food supply. Under organic production process, the use of conventional non-organic pesticides, insecticides and herbicides is heavily regulated. In the case of livestock, they are reared without the routine use of antibiotics and growth hormones. Scenario in India Organic foods are fast changing from a fad to a serious proposition in India. Today, the reach of organic foods is expanding to gradually find its way into the average Indian household. An indicative reason for the same is the rising health consciousness among Indian consumers. Pegged at Rupees 6. 5 billion in 2010, the organic food market is witnessing the shift from being an elitist to a healthy product. Although production and consumption figures for organic food in India are way behind the world average, the market is now showing signs of a strong growth trend. Slowly the deterrent of high price is being out-weighed by nutrition, quality and a chance to shape a safe environment. The organic food products market has been continuously facing the issue of absence of recognizable brands, small range of products, high prices and faulty government policies and a general lack of retail presence which has translated to low demand in the domestic market. In spite of this industry players are optimistic about the future prospects, as they are of the opinion that this industry holds a lot of promise. The export industry remains undeveloped with most producers being either small or marginal farmers, small cooperatives or trade fair companies. The small farmers, scattered across the country, offer an incomplete product range that are mostly available as a local brand. This is especially an issue in developed countries where the shelves of an average supermarket is stocked with a large range of certified organic foods. Problem Statement The question on everyone’s mind is where exactly is the organic food industry falling short? What are the main factors that influence a consumer’s decision to purchase organic foods? The fact of the matter is that this area has suffered from lack of interest/attention and a very low level of research. Thus, our Problem Statement is as follows â€Å"What influences the decision to buy organic food products in India? † Research objective The purpose of this assignment is to understand the primary influencers that motivate our target study group of individuals belonging to the upper middle-class category in their decision to buy organic foods products in India. Since the students of the top B-Schools either belong to or will be a part of the aforementioned category and will be starting new families, they are part of core prospective customer segment for this market. Hence, we have decided to focus our research on them. Literature Review Scope This research study focuses on understanding the primary influencers motivate our subjects (individuals from the upper middle class category) to buy organic foods. Students of B-Schools are from diverse backgrounds and origins. Most belong to the upper middle class category and we can safely assume that those that aren’t will be a part after they graduate. Moreover, they are also in that stage of life where they start a family of their own and assume additional personal responsibilities. This makes them appropriate subjects for this study. This study will analyse their responses with respect to knowledge about and attitude towards organic food, and their sensitivity to the health and environmental benefits associated with it. Sources and their Details: Honkanen, P. (2006), â€Å"Ethical values and motives driving organic food choice†, Journal of Consumer Behaviour , 5, pp. 420-430 The paper tries to investigate the role of ethical motives in consumers choice of organic food. The relation between ethical food choice motives, attitudes and intention to consume organic food was studied by estimating a structural equation model. We were able to comprehend ethical motives better and were thus able to incorporate it under environmental Consciousness. Donovan, P. , McCarthy R. (2002), â€Å"Irish Consumer preference for organic meat†, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp. 353-370 The paper tries to examine Irish perception of organic meat. It identified three consumer groups. Beliefs and purchase intentions of consumers and non-consumers were differentiated. Proposed factors leading to purchase intention were Health Consciousness, Perceived value, Income and environmental concern. After validation checks they had had to make the constructs less abstracts due to low values. Aertsens, J. , Verbeke, W. , Mondelaers, K. , and Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2009), â€Å"Personal determinants of organic food consumption: a review†, British Food Journal, Vol. 111 No. 10, pp. 1140-1167 It uses theliterature concerning personal determinants of organic food consumption. This is the ? rst paper providing a comprehensive overview and linking the literature on organic food consumption to the values theory and the theory of planned behaviour, including the role of personal norm and focusing on emotions. The proposed integration of mental processing in an organic food consumption model leads to interesting hypotheses and recommendations for policy makers, researchers and stakeholders involved in the organic food market. Padel, S. , Foster, C. (2005), â€Å"Exploring the gap betweenattitudes and behaviour, Understanding why consumers buy or do notbuyorganic food†, British Food Journal, Vol. 107 No. 8, pp. 606-625 Its results show that most consumers associate organic at ? rst with vegetables and fruit and a healthy diet with organic products. Fruit and vegetables are also the ? rst and in many cases only experience with buying organic product. The decision-making process is complex and the importance of motives and barriers may vary between product categories. The motives and barriers provided herein helped us in adapting the survey questionnaire. Baker, S. (2004), â€Å"Mapping the values driving organic food choice, Germany vs the UK†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 No.8, pp. 995-1012. This study explores the reasons why the behaviour of consumers in the UK and Germany has been so divergent despite both groups of consumers holding similar attitudes about organic foods. This was done by investigating the underlying values driving food choice behaviour using means-end theory and Laddermap 5. 4 software. The dominant means-end hierarchies were uncovered and the cognitive process mapped. {draw:frame} Makatouni, A. (2002), â€Å"What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? , Results from a quantitative study† , British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp. 345-352 Its main objectives are to identify beliefs, with respect to organic food, of parents who buy and do not buy organic food; the positive as well as negative attitudes towards organic food of those who buy and do not buy organic food; the impact of those attitudes on food choice for parents who buy and do not buy organic food; and to model the food choice behaviour of parents with respect to organic food. It employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. This paper also uses the means-end chain approach. The key idea is that product attributes are a means for consumers to obtain desired ends. It provides a very detailed means end chain which helped us finalize some aspects of our questionnaire. Magistris, T. , Gracia, A. (2008), â€Å"The decision to buy organic food products in Southern Italy†, British Food Journal , Vol. 110 No. 9, pp. 929-947 Its findings provide more evidence on consumers’ underlying motivations to buy organic food to the already existing evidence in Europe to evaluate the future implementation of the Regulation (EC) no. 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products. In addition to this the empirical results would help local policy makers to establish appropriate market strategies to develop the future demand for these products. It indicates that consumer’ attitudes towards organic food, in particular towards the health attribute and towards the environment are the most important factors that explain consumers’ decision-making process for organic food products. It has been found that larger information on the organic food market, which drives to a higher consumers’ organic food knowledge, is important because it positively in?uences consumers’ attitudes towards organic food products. It also that consumer who try to follow a healthy diet and balanced life are likely to have more positive attitudes towards organic food products and towards the environment, inducing a more likely intention to purchase organic foods. This paper provided with the adequate Structural equation model. It also possessed the relevant constructs and variables which could be easily adapted to Indian requirements. Since for the target segment of our paper income is not an issue, it proved easy to adapt to the theoretical model according to our needs. The questionnaire has been validated, which has been duly adapted by us. Outcome Through this study we hope to drawing links between knowledge about and attitude towards organic food, and their sensitivity to its health and environmental benefits and the decision to buy it. Also, we can gauge as to which are the primary contributors to the purchase decision. This can go a long way in helping a player in the organic food industry understand the market and position himself appropriately to achieve success. Research framework and hypothesis specification A study on the food choice is a complex phenomenon that represents one of the most important parts of human behavior, where several cognitive and behavioral factors can vary sharply between individuals. In other words, whether the consumers intent or decide to purchase organic foods is a difficult task because it depends on many factors that cannot be directly observed. Thus based on the above mentioned paper by Magistris, T. , Gracia, A.(2008), it can be conclude that the more favorable health and environmental attitudes consumers have, the more likely they will buy organic food product. In accordance with this, the first hypothesis of the proposed model is defined as follows: Hypothesis1: When consumer’s attitudes towards organic food (H1-a) and towards the environment (H1-b) are positive, consumers’ intention to buy organic food products will also be more likely to be positive. Hypothesis 2: When a consumer has higher organic food knowledge, he/she will be more likely to have positive attitudes towards organic food products. Hypothesis 3: Consumers’ lifestyles related to healthy diet and balanced life influence internal factors of consumers, such as, attitudes towards organic foods (H3a) and attitudes towards the environment (H3b) during the decision process to buy organic food products. Proposed Research Model {draw:rect} {draw:rect} {draw:rect} Explanation of factors and observed variables Intention to purchase organic foods Intention is the cognitive representation of a person’s readiness to perform a given behaviour, and it is considered the immediate antecedent of behaviour. Findings from many studies reveal that consumers’ attitudes towards different organic food attributes (human health, safety, etc. ) and towards the environment are the most important factors that explain consumers’ decision-making process for organic food products. Organic knowledge Knowledge It indicated the knowledge the consumer possesses about organic food Definition Does the consumer know that, â€Å"_Organic foods are produced without the use of conventional pesticides, arti? cial fertilizers, human waste, or sewage sludge_†? Healthy diet and balanced life Exercise Processed food. Fruits and vegetables Red meat Additive free Health check ups Balanced life The observed variables are self-explanatory Environmental attitudes Pollution Belief that the current developmental path and consumeristic culture will end up destroying the environment Damage It quantifies the feeling that unless we do something the damage to the environment will be irreversible. Conservation Describes whether one performs conservatory tasks. Recycled Preference for consuming recycled products Recycling Whether one partakes in recycling of products Attitudes towards organic food products. Health Does on believe that organic products are healthier? Quality Do organic products have superior quality? Taste Are organic products are more tasty? Research Methodology Data will be collected from a survey conducted across the top B-Schools of the country. It is our opinion that the budding managers from these institutions are (or will be) part of our target group of affluent customers for organic food products. The ? nal sample will include 200 students selected through convenience sampling. This method has a reputation of being less reliable but it is the best suited due to its convenience and low cost. Moreover, it is known to work with a sample that contains students. A questionnaire will be designed to analyze the knowledge of organic food, attitudes towards organic foods and purchase behavior of the selected students. The ? rst question was related to their knowledge on organic food products. The second set of questions comprised of those related to organic food consumption (consumption level, intention) purchase, frequency of purchase, perceived quality, place of purchase, etc.). The third and final question includes several questions on consumers’ attitudes towards organic food products and environmental aspects. The questionnaire also contains questions on socio-demographic characteristics (i. e. sex, family size and composition, age, education, income and lifestyles). The questionnaire format will be validated using a small pilot survey before being administered to the students. Questionnaire Would I buy organic food products? How will you rate your knowledge on organic food products? What is your opinion on â€Å"Organic foods are produced without the use of conventional pesticides, arti?cial fertilizers, humanwaste, or sewage sludge â€Å"? I do exercise regularly I avoid eating processed food I often eat fruit and vegetables I avoid eating food products with additives I take regular health check-ups I try to have an organized and methodical lifestyle Is the current development path is destroying the environment? Unless we do something, environmental damage will be irreversible I practice environmental conservation tasks I prefer consuming recycled products I partake in product recycling Organic products are healthier Organic products have superior quality Organic products are more tasty Activity and time based plan Data Analysis/ The Data analysis will be carried out on the valid survey responses obtained from the respondent pool to which the survey is administered to. We will be using SPPS 17. 0 to carry out various correlation tests to figure out what factors affect the ‘intention to buy organic foods’ and also what sub-factors affect them. This will also allow us to point out which all factors show strong correlations and which all show less correlations. Bibliography Honkanen, P.(2006), â€Å"Ethical values and motives driving organic food choice†, Journal of Consumer Behaviour , 5, pp. 420-430 Donovan, P. , McCarthy R. (2002), â€Å"Irish Consumer preference for organic meat†, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp. 353-370 Aertsens, J. , Verbeke, W. , Mondelaers, K. , and Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2009), â€Å"Personal determinants of organic food consumption: a review†, British Food Journal, Vol. 111 No. 10, pp. 1140-1167 Magistris, T. , Gracia, A. (2008), â€Å"The decision to buy organic food products in Southern Italy†, British Food Journal , Vol. 110 No. 9, pp. 929-947 Padel, S. , Foster, C. (2005), â€Å"Exploring the gap between attitudes and behaviour, Understanding why consumers buy or do not buy organic food†, British Food Journal, Vol. 107 No. 8, pp. 606-625 Baker, S. (2004), â€Å"Mapping the values driving organic food choice, Germany vs the UK†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 No. 8, pp. 995-1012 Makatouni, A. (2002), â€Å"What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? , Results from a quantitative study† , British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp. 345-352 Zanoli, R. and Naspetti, S.(2002), â€Å"Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food: a means-end approach†, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 8, pp. 643-53. Yiridoe, E. K. , Bonti-Ankomah, S. and Martin, R. C. (2005), â€Å"Comparison of consumer’s perception towards organic versus conventionally produced foods: a review and update of the literature†, Renewable Agriculture and Food System, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 193-205. 10. Soler, F. , Gil, J. M. and Sanchez, M. (2002), â€Å"Consumer’s acceptability of organic food in Spain: results from an experimental action market†, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 8,pp. 670-87. 11. Connor, R., Douglas, L. (2001), â€Å"Consumer attitudes to organic foods†, Nutrition Food Science, Vol. 31, Issue: 5 12. Grunert, S. C. and Juhl, H. J. (1995), â€Å"Values, environmental attitudes, and buying of organic foods†, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 16, pp. 39-62. 13. Chinnici, G. , D’Amico, M. and Pecorino, B. (2002), â€Å"A multivariate statistical analysis of the consumers of organic products†, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 Nos 3/4/5, pp. 187-99. 14. Shepherd, R. , Magnusson, M. and Sjoden, P. O. (2005), â€Å"Determinants of consumer behaviour related to organic foods†, Ambio, Vol. 34 Nos 4-5, pp. 352-9.

The Moon Landing: How it Happened

The Moon Landing: How it Happened Luca Maffioli Introduction The moon landing, which took place in 1969, is one of the biggest events that ever happened and this report is going to analyze it. This statement is divided in four parts and will examine how everything started, how it developed and what changes it carried. In the fourth and final part it will describe the Conspiracy which is something that existed since when everything started and will give a conclusion. The big question is Did Apollo11 really land on the moon, or is everything a fake? Methodology This report has been created thanks to the collection of information coming from four different websites (The Observe, Study Moose, Engadget, Listverse). It summarizes the information that researchers analyzed over the years and reported in their articles (Paul Harris The Observe August 2012; Christopher Riley The Observe December 2012; Josh Fox The Listverse December 2008; University of California Study Moose March 2016; Ben Gilbert Engadget July 2014). It presents some of the proposed evidence to suggest that the moon landing was a fake (Josh Fox The Listverse December 2008) How everything started After the Second World War there was an economic conflict in between USA and the Soviet Union, called Cold War. USAs goal was to beat URSS showing to the entire world how clever and powerful State they were. This is why President J.F.Kennedy decided to reach the Moon. A group of specialized scientists carried out studies and tests for five years before realizing the first mission called Apollo 7. Unfortunately the test became a tragedy after the spacecraft burned in a fire and three astronauts died. After Apollo 7, they continued with researches until when in 1968 they managed to send the first manned spacecraft out of the orbit. (University of California, 2016) How it developed After this successful test they made a new mission named Apollo 11, a new shuttle ready for launch. Inside the spacecraft there were astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Micheal Collins. Its the most well-known in-space exploration history for being the first manned spacecraft to land on another celestial body. Apollo 11 was divided in three different components: Living quarters (which came back to Earth with the three astronauts) Service module (which supplied propulsion, electricity and oxygen) Lunar module (the crazy-looking shuttle that brought Armstrong and Aldrin from the lunar orbit onto the surface) With this last component named Eagle, the three astronauts could orbit around the moon for one day before reaching the surface. Once on the moon, Armstrong said Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for a mankind. This phrase became famous as millions of people where following the event and listened to his words. The astronauts explored the surface, planted the American flag, took pictures and videos. They collected as many information and sample as they could before returning to Earth. USA had successfully landed a man on the moon and returned them safely, beating the Soviet Union in the space race. (Ben Gilbert, 2014) What did the moon landing change Many events happened in USA in 1960s: from their participation in the Vietnam War, Kennedys death and the introduction of the Civil Right Act. This period of time was named the American century. When USA reached the Moon thanks to Apollo mission, the tumultuous decade ended. The Moon Landing is one of the most important steps that helped USA to be recognized as that powerful Country which is still nowadays. (Paul Harris, 2012) William Bainbridge, writer of the book The Spaceflight Revolution, said that Apollo was a grand attempt to reach beyond the world of mundane life and transcend the ordinary limits of human existence through accomplishment of the miraculous a story of engineers who tried to reach the heavens. (The Observe, 2012) After the mission everything changed: technology, economy and humans thoughts. As a matter of fact the moon landing opened a new era of technology which would help in all aspects of life and study for the following years. Technology became more affordable and common: huge computers switched to micro technology and pocket size items. Internet, video streams and social networks are a few examples of what the moon landing inspired. (Paul Harris, 2012) Conspiracy and Conclusion It has now been nearly forty years since Armstrong stepped on the moon but the mystery behind it never stopped. People think that America invented it in order to beat the Russia in the space race; people say they invented this story inside a Hollywood stage or in Area 51 calling this matter Conspiracy. If you think about it, why after Apollo mission no one has ever been back on the moon? In fact there are many doubts about this. Another confusing matter is the flag that was planted on the moon, which from the pictures looks wavy and fluttery. How could this be possible, considering that theres no air in the moons atmosphere and no wind to cause the flag movement? There are a few other pictures taken by NASA that conspiracy theorists are focused on. An example is the multiple light source. On the moon there is only one strong light source: the Sun. Videos and pictures clearly show that shadows fall in different directions. This could mean that someone has created the images and clearly made the mistake. (Josh Fox, 2008) This report examined only a few of the many examples that support the Conspiracy theory. You can find plenty of information on the web; a very famous online report is the one written by Listverses (you can find the link in the list of References here below) which is very helpful and inspiring. After reading all of these information about the moon landing you could have a few other questions, such as: how was all of this possible with the technologies of the time? Why so many mistakes and mysteries? Unfortunately there are questions that cannot be answered, and we cannot know the truth. Anyway, it is still amazing the feeling that a man could been on the Moon. REFERENCES The observe (Christopher Riley, 2012) 40 years Apollo on: how the moon mission changed the world for ever Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/dec/16/apollo-legacy-moon-space-riley and (Paul Harris, 2012) Man on the moon: moment of greatness that defined the America century Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/aug/25/man-moon-american-century Study Moose (University of California, 2016) Man on the moon essay Retrieved from: https://studymoose.com/%EF%BB%BFman-on-the-moon-essay-essay Engadget(Ben Gilbert, 2014) What you need to know about the Apollo 11 moon landing Retrieved from: https://www.engadget.com/2014/07/21/apollo-11-explainer/ Listverse (Josh Fox, 2008) 10 reasons the moon landing could be a hoax Retrieved from: http://listverse.com/2012/12/28/10-reasons-the-moon-landings-could-be-a-hoax/

Development plan Essay example -- Leadership, Personal Experience, Coa

Introduction â€Å"To look forward with acuity you must first look back with honesty.† This quote from Warren Bennis is one of the greatest philosophies by which I attempt to lead. Good leaders understand that this ability to reflect honesty on the past is critical to success in the future. In order to lead and coach a team from a position of resonance leaders must engage in a continuous journey of self-discovery. In gaining a deep understanding of themselves they are more readily able to coach and develop their teams. The process of self-discovery requires that leaders be willing to learn and adapt to both strengths and opportunities in their leadership styles. This singular skill is central to the success of any leader. In fact, it is likely the most important skill leaders need to incorporate in order to become truly remarkable. (Eikenberry, 2007, pp. 21) Over the past nine weeks I have embarked on another process of self-discovery. I have had the pleasure of speaking to a le adership coach on multiple occasions. I was able to seek insight from trusted stakeholders regarding the way I lead and coached constituents. I was even given the opportunity to provide coaching to a fellow learner. These various experience have allowed me to again take inventory of my abilities as a coach and access any relevant gaps in the way I am currently coaching in comparison with the coach I aspire to become. The following will explore the necessity of developing others, the value of coaching from a strength-based approach, the importance of good communication skills, and action items for my continued improvement as a leader/coach. Developing Others â€Å"The goal is to begin building leaders to take your place someday-to build leaders wh... ...ery. I have learned things about the way I coach that have allowed for a great deal of insight. I was glad that I scored the way I did on the Coaching Process Questionnaire, I was upset with myself because I did not feel as if I adequately prepared for my coach a fellow learner session, and I was surprised at the length by which a fellow coach will go to get through to his client. Ultimately I am pleased that I was able to gain the insight that I have and I will continue to progress towards the coaching style that I aspire. In doing so I will continue to build capacity in individuals in order to ensure the readiness of the next generation of leaders. I will coach clients based a strength-based approach in order to engender a more profound sense of purpose and direction. I will do this by asking the â€Å"right† questions and listening actively to my clients.

Stress and Fear on the Western Front, Illustrated in Sheriffs Play, Journeys End :: Literary Analysis, Literary Criticism

'Journey's End' by R.C. Sherriff is filled with very tense scenes throughout the play one in particular and the focus point on this essay is Act Two scene One, which endeavours to educate the audience about the true horrors of life at the front. Sherriff, who was wounded at Passchendaele in 1917, wrote from his experience of the war. He creates scenes that are very realistic, and because of his experiences, it helps the audience to believe the play more and understand the difficulties the soldiers faced. The title, 'Journey's End' creates a negative image immediately. It implies death, the end of life and the loss of innocence. Act Two scene one shows this in great depth, as Sherriff uses methods to re-create the overwhelming stress of trench warfare. He describes every aspect of the trenches, the guns and the whole life to emphasises the tragedy. With this understanding of the trenches, the reader are helped in imagining what it must have been like to live there. In the play, R.C Sheriff looks into the characters in the dug out, Fear within this play takes a dramatic impact on most of the play it also shows how different people in the same situation coped in the first world war, Humour, Alcohol, or Normality before the war. Act Two scene One looks into the emotions of the characters especially the officers, Stanhope, Osborne, Raleigh, Trotter, Hibbert and the cook Mason, an example of this is trotter he hides his emotions by being humours with mason as he keeps his mind on food ‘Trotter: well there’s nothing like a good fat bacon rasher when your as empty as I am, Mason: I’m glad you like it fat sir. Trotter: well, I like a bit O’ lean, too’, this shows that the writer is showing the reader that people dealt with stress and fear in different ways, however when comparing this to Stanhope he copes with all this stress and fear by drinking ‘sitting on the bed was Stanhope drinking a whisky’ this shows the audience how people dealt with stress and fear even if they were in completely different ways. R.C. Sheriff uses the character Osborne another officer in the dug out differently as Osborne is not a character in which shows the fear and stress in which he is going through instead he try’s to avoid a conversation about the war and tries to drag the conversation on to something else to remind himself of normality, his life before the war started ‘made me think about my garden†¦, Trotter:.

US. v. Lopez :: essays research papers

U.S. v. Lopez 514 U.S. 549 (1995), Vote of 5 to 4, Rehnquist for the court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress in 1990 enacted the Gun-Free School Zone Act, making it a federal offence to possess a firearm in a school zone. Congress relied on the authority of the Commerce Clause of the Constitution to justify passage of legislation as a way of stemming the rising tide of gun related incidents in public schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1992 Alfonso Lopez, Jr. was a senior at Edison High School in San Antonio, Texas. Acting on an anonymous tip, school authorities confronted Lopez and discovered that he was carrying a .38 caliber handgun and five bullets. A federal grand jury subsequently indicted Lopez, who then moved to have the indictment dismissed on grounds that the federal government had no authority to legislate control over the public schools. At a bench trial, the federal district court judge found Lopez guilty and sentenced him to six months’ imprisonment and two years’ supervised release. Lopez then appealed to the Fifth Circuit, which reversed the conviction and held the Gun-Free School Zone Act unconstitutional as an invalid exercise dy congress of the commerce power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lopez case posed the question of the extent to which Congress could exercise authority over street crime and, in so doing, intrude into constitutional space traditionally occupied by the states. Since the New Deal of the 1930’s, the Supreme Court had accepted that Congress had broad authority to regulate virtually every aspect of American life under the cover of the federal Commerce Clause. Moreover, the bombing of the federal office building in Okalahoma City, while it had occurred after the passage of the Gun-Free School Zone Act, created a political environment where the Clinton administration and the Republican congressional leaders believed that the federal government had to combat domestic terrorist groups and the weapons that they used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The case drew considerable attention from diverse interest groups. The National Education Association, for example, joined with the Clinton administration and various antigun groups to argue that schools had experienced difficulty in handling gun related crimes. Soliciter General Drew S. Days argued that the law was different from other statutes dealing with firearms in that it targeted possession rather than sale. Yet Days also insisted that a close connection existed between violence in schools and the movement of guns in interstate commerce. The government insisted that guns were often used as part of the drug culture that was itself carried on through national commerce.

Principles of Communication in Adult Social Care Settings

Assignment 301 – Principles of communication in adult social care settings. Ai) Identify four different reasons why people communicate. .Create and maintain relationships .To teach and to learn .To share opinions .Feelings and emotions Aii) Describe two ways how effective communication can affect relationships in an adult social care setting between individuals using the service, their carers, colleagues and other Practitioners. Effective communication is essential in building a meaningful relationship between the resident and the carer as it can help build trust and respect.Effective communication is fundamental in regards to the resident’s needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. As a carer i would discuss the options available to the resident to allow them to make an informed choice in regards to their care. Aiii) Using the table below, identify three ways of finding out the communication and language needs of an individual. For each method, describe how eff ective it is at establishing the needs of the individual. METHOD| HOW EFFECTIVE IS THIS METHOD? | Asking/Observing theIndividual. Asking/Observing is probably the best way of establishing the individual’s communication and language needs as this would immediately allow me to establish their usual language, if they are visually or hearing impaired etc. | Check the Care plan for the individuals communication needs. | The Care plan can be a good source of information on the needs of the resident, but if documented incorrectly due to human error this method becomes ineffective. | If the first two don’t provide you with the needed information you could ask resident’s family, friends, doctor or other professionals who have worked with the individual. This is another effective method, only to be used if the first two fail. | Aiv) Describe three factors to consider when promoting effective communication. .Does he/she have any equipment to aid them in communicating e. g. glasses, are they clean and are they the correct proscription? Hearing aids are they switched on, does it need new batteries and is it fitted correctly. .People suffering from dysphasia might get frustrated when trying to communicate. They might have difficulties finding the correct word so patience is required. .Is the area free from noise and distractions, and can the individual clearly see and hear you?Av) Describe three verbal and three non verbal communication methods and styles that a social worker may use in the adult care settings. VERBAL| NON VERBAL| Expression of emotions (nonspoken)e. g. grunts of exasperation, screams of pain or delight, cries of sorrow, whimpers or utterances of joy| Facial Expressionfacial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are similar throughout the world and are a huge proportion of nonverbal communication| Written CommunicationWriting is considered a form of verbal communication because words are involved. GesturesCommon gestures in clude waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. | Oral CommunicationWhen people speak face-to-face, via the phone or by webcam, it's considered verbal communication| Involuntary nonverbal communication Movements and attitudes that show how people feel. | Avi) Explain why it is important to respond to an individual’s reactions during communication. Shows you have respect for the individual and that you are truly interested and listening to what He/she is saying. Avii) Explain how an individual’s background can influence the way they communicate? Read also: â€Å"Advice About Communication†Individual’s backgrounds, customs and beliefs differ and may make communication a challenge, in some cultures for example, children are not allowed to speak to certain adults. Other cultures don’t allow women to talk to men they do not know. Life events can also influence the way people communicate. A person who has suffered a stroke might find it challenging to communicate verbally. A person who has previously been abused might be withdrawn and have difficulties communicating what they want. Aviii) Identify three examples of barriers to communication and explain how you could overcome each barrier?BARRIER| HOW IT CAN BE OVERCOME| Physical barriers| Physical barriers such as noise and temperature are easily overcome, try turning off the television or radio or setting the room to a more comfortable temperature. | Physiological barriers| Ensure any aids the individual needs to communicate are made available and are workin g correctly. | Psychological barriers| An individual suffering from dementia may sometimes struggle to communicate their wishes, in this situation I would reassure the individual Simplifying my words and speaking clearly and slowly giving them time to ask me questions and respond. Aix) Describe two strategies that you could use to clarify misunderstandings. .Ask the individual to repeat what you have told them to confirm their understanding. .Ask the individual questions to determine their understanding. .One way of preventing the misunderstanding in the first place is to refer to the individuals care plan to determine his/her preferred mean of communication Ax) A social care worker wants to enable more effective communication with Individuals using the service. Explain how they could access extra support or services that may be helpful.If a service user is demonstrating hearing difficulties, they could be referred to a general practitioner for a hearing test to determine whether or not the individual needs a hearing aid. Also if a service user is demonstrating visual difficulties could be referred to the opticians. Service users that have previously suffered a stroke may have difficulty producing and using speech, they may need a referral to Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists www. rcslt. org. uk Task B Case StudyYou are a social care worker and a service user, Hannah, tells you that she is unhappy taking her new medication. She thinks she does not need it and so she is throwing it away. You know from her care plan that Hannah does need to take the medication regularly and gets confused. Hannah begs you to keep this confidential and not tell anyone especially her daughter, who she sees regularly, as her daughter will be very angry. Bi) How would you explain the term ‘confidentiality’ to Hannah? I would first establish Hanna’s capacity and try to explain it in a way she would understand.I would try to explain to Hannah that I wo uld respect her right to privacy and would uphold my confidentiality as long as it was in her best interests as I have a duty of care towards Hanna. Bii) Describe the possible tensions that may arise between telling others of Hannah’s decision and keeping this information totally confidential. In telling others of Hanna’s decision to discontinue taking her medication it could leave Hannah feeling betrayed and could cause Hanna to stop trusting me. It would be wrong not to inform my Manager/GP as I have a duty of care to Hannah.Bii) Describe ways to maintain confidentiality in day to day communication. To maintain confidentiality I would ensure all handovers of service users information was done in private and in an unused room as not to be heard by others. Also by ensuring daily progress notes and care plans were secured in a locked cupboard. Biv) Explain when and how a social care worker should get advice about confidentiality. If a service user asked me to keep certa in information confidential and I was unsure of what to do, I would read the policies and procedures or speak to my manager to find the correct course of action.

Finding Scripture: Knowledge, Purpose and Suffering Essay

For Part 1 of this assignment, you will complete this worksheet by finding the Scriptures listed below. Watch the â€Å"Suffering and Death† video located at http://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/cwv101_vpv01GUI.php Please keep your answers brief. Solid academic writing is expected. Refer to the GCU Academic Writing Guidelines in the Student Success Center. Give a brief summary after each passage listed below. Knowledge: 2 Timothy 3:14-17 – writings that those who followed Christ would be accepted by God 2 Peter 1:21 – those that believed, followed what God said Hebrews 1:1 – God taught his people everything  Psalm 19 – Even though God can’t talk back to us, he can hear everything that we speak of. Write 2-3 sentences explaining how the four passages above might shape the Christian worldview: Through all of life’s lessons we have one person to thank and that’s God. He is always there when we need him, even though he may not be able to give us the answers we are looking for he will lead us in the right path. Give a brief summary after each passage listed below. Purpose: Genesis 37-50 – Ecclesiastes 3:1-13 – God has created a place and time for all of us. No matter what situation we are in, he will always be there for us Romans 8:28-39 – No matter what happens to us God has a purpose for us, and will always show our love towards him Write 2-3 sentences explaining how the three passages immediately above might shape the Christian worldview: Explains to us that no matter what happens in life, God is always there. He will never give us something we can’t handle. He has a purpose for everyone, even though we may not understand it at the time we will make it through. See Part 2 of this assignment on the next page. Part 2 – Journal on Suffering Use the space below to compose a journal of 250-500 words on suffering by answering the following: Describe a time when you entered a prolonged period of suffering and how you responded in body, soul, and spirit. In other words, how did you deal with that time mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually? What did you run to in order to find comfort and to ease the stress and pain of that trial? In what ways did that time challenge, refine, or confirm your worldview? APA is not required for this assignment but solid academic writing is expected. A time where I entered a prolonged period time of suffering was when my grandpa passed away September 8, 2009. I was only 21 years old, and I spent the last week of his life by his side in a nursing home. Grandpa and I were very close, and I cherished every moment we spent together. During his last week my aunt and cousin (whom are witnesses) went over a bunch of different scriptures each night and they would explain the meanings behind them and why they were so important for us to read at that time. The day of his funeral I cried and felt so empty inside until I walked into the church. Even though I cried throughout the whole funeral service, I felt a weight lifted off my shoulders. It was one of the hardest times I have ever had to deal with. Weeks, even years have passed, we have lost seven more family members since then, and I still can’t overcome the fact that my grandpa is no longer with us. My heart still feels like it has a part missing and it won’t ever be full. I eventually turned to my cousin and aunt down in Tennessee to talk about everything that I was feeling. It helps a little bit but it’s still very hard. One thing that I found myself turning to for the first year after grandpas passing was alcohol. At the time I thought it was going to help me stop feeling the way that I was. Soon I found out that it was just making things worse. So to keep myself busy, and to keep me away from turning to alcohol I started working more, hanging out with friends at home instead of the bars, and I also got back into school. I don’t feel like grandpas passing changed/refined/ or confirmed my worldviews at all. With my aunt and cousin being witnesses, they would talk about the differences with how they read the bible and the Christians read the bible which made me do a lot of thinking on things, but it never changed my worldviews.

Talk Shows

If social order is not a given, if it is not encoded in our DNA, then to some extent we are always in the process of producing â€Å"virtual realities,† some more functional than others. Habits, routines, and institutions are the patterns that create the â€Å"world taken for granted. † Knowledge of how to behave is contained in cultural scripts that are themselves products of human interaction and communication about the nature of â€Å"reality. † Shame, guilt, embarrassment are controlling feelings that arise from â€Å"speaking the unspeakable† and from violating cultural taboos. Society is a result of its boundaries,of what it will and won’t allow. As we watch, listen, and are entertained, TV talk shows are rewriting our cultural scripts, altering our perceptions, our social relationships, and our relationships to the natural world. TV talk shows offer us a world of blurred boundaries. Cultural distinctions between public and private, credible and incredible witnesses, truth and falseness, good and evil, sickness and irresponsibility, normal and abnormal, therapy and exploitation, intimate and stranger, fragmentation and community are manipulated and erased for our distraction and entertainment. A community in real time and place exhibits longevity, an interdependence based on common interests, daily concerns, mutual obligations, norms, kinship, friendship, loyalty, and local knowledge, and real physical structures, not just shared information. If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you are motivated to help put it out, or at least interested in having it put out, because you care about your neighbor and the fire is a threat to your own house. Television talk shows create an ersatz community, without any of the social and personal responsibilities that are attached to real life. Therapy as entertainment is the appeal of these shows. The so-called hosts rely on the cynical use of the therapeutic model for psychological sound bites. The need to educate and inform the audience is the voiced rationale for getting the so-called guests to give ever more titillating details of their misdeeds, or of the misdeeds done to them by family or friends (often not on the show). The underlying assumption — that most social pathology is the result of a medical problem beyond the control of the so-called â€Å"victim† — encourages, at least indirectly, people to come on to these shows confessing outrageous stories of anti-social behavior to millions of strangers. Rather than being mortified, ashamed, or trying to hide their stigma, â€Å"guests† willingly and eagerly discuss their child molesting, sexual quirks, and criminal records in an effort to seek â€Å"understanding† for their particular disease. Yet these people remain caricatures, plucked out of the context of their real lives, unimportant except for their entertaining problem. (In real life someone might question the benefits of publicly confessing to people who really don’t care about you or don’t have the expertise to give advice. Exploitation, voyeurism, peeping Toms, freak shows all come to mind. ) The central distortion that these shows propound is that they give useful therapy to guests and useful advice to the audience. And that they are not primarily designed to extract the most riveting and most entertaining emotional displays from participants. This leads to such self-serving and silly speeches by hosts as: â€Å"I ask this question not to pry in your business but to educate parents in our audience† (Oprah, trying to get graphic details from a female guest who claims to have been sodomized by her father) and â€Å"Do I understand, Lisa, that intercourse began with your dad at age 12, and oral sex between 5 and 12? Do I understand that you were beaten before and after the sexual encounters? (Phil, reading from prepared notes, to a crying teenager). The audience at various points in the hour has a chance to get on television too. Their questions are often rude by conventional standards and reinforce the host’s requests for more potentially entertaining details. Their advice ranges from merely simplistic, under the circumstances, to misleading and erroneous. For example, in a recent Sally Jessy Raphael Show entitled â€Å"When Your Best Friend Is Sleeping With Your Father,† the daughters on stage were advised to â€Å"just love them both and accept the situation. † The most problematic part of this is the generally nonjudgmental tenor of the dialogue. Society’s conventions are flouted with impunity, and the hidden message is that the way to get on television is to be as outrageous and antisocial as possible. The 20 million home viewers have no direct contact, physically, with the social situation in the studio. Home viewers can be listening to people recounting concentration camp horrors while popping a frozen dinner into the microwave. The ordinary, everyday world of the home audience is made bizarre by the contrasting tales of horror and woe they are only half listening to. The viewer has two basic options: He or she can, like the hero of Nathanael West’s tragic Miss Lonelyhearts, go crazy listening to these stories of hideous pain and pathology. Or he or she must become inured, apathetic, or amused, or, to use the darkly delicious German word schadenfreude, he or she may get a deep sense of glee at another’s misfortunes. People come into view, talk, cry, disappear, and in between we watch the commercials for consumer products that promise to improve our lives. Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? revolves around the seemingly out-of-place confessions by a husband and wife of their most private life together to two guests in their home who are virtual strangers. Traditional expectations of polite formalities and barriers are constantly breached within the action of the play. The husband, at one point says, â€Å"Aww, that was nice, I think we’ve been having a, a real good evening, all things considered. We’ve sat around, and got to know each other, and had fun and games.. .† Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? , however disconcerting to the audience, is just a play with actors. Television talk shows are arenas for real people. Their manipulation by â€Å"hosts,† who alternate between mocking, a patronizing cynicism (†I want to be as smart as you someday† — Phil), and a carefully constructed verisimilitude of caring (†Thank you for sharing that with us† — Oprah) must have repercussions for the â€Å"guests† after the show is over. These people may really be seeking help or understanding. Appropriate reactions seem virtually impossible under the circumstances. We the viewing audience have entertained ourselves at the disasters of real lives. This is one of the more shameless aspects of the talk show spectacle. As passive witnesses, we consume others’ misfortunes without feeling any responsibility to do anything to intervene.

Founding Fathers Of Sociology

Sociology can be defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior. It tries to acquire knowledge about society, and about how the humans making up these societies interact with each other. Auguste Comte was the first true father of sociology. He was the person who coined the term â€Å"sociology†. Other sociologist who can also be called the founding fathers of sociology include Weber, Marx, Engels and Durkheim. In this essay I will be looking at where these sociologists came from and the theories they came up with.Auguste Comte was a French social thinker and was the first person who coined the term â€Å"sociology†. He wanted to establish a science of society as a new discipline. He modeled sociological study around natural science and wanted to discover the laws of society. He aimed to study society through Social statics, which is the study of order and stability and Social dynamics, which is the study of social change. He wants to answer the question o f how one plans for change. One should think about in advance where you want to go and how to get there from here.One should be future oriented and goal oriented, achieving goals by optimal means. Social planning is designed to enhance social functioning by either changing the structural relations among people or providing a tangible support than enables an individual to cope with or overcome a social problem. It is necessary to plan in order to reduce uncertainty and enhance accountability. It also increases the potential for participation. Comte says that the process of change involves three stages; The future state, where the change has occurred.The present state, this is where we are in relation to where we want to get to and it is the period of planning and initiating the desired change. The last stage is the transition state, and asks the question of how we get from where we are to where we want to be. Comte’s idea for sociological study was based on the concept that so cieties evolve through three intellectual stages. These are the Theological stage, which involves the belief in the supernatural, the metaphysical stage, which is the transition stage and the positivistic stage which involves scientific thinking.After the third stage is reached, true understanding of the working of society becomes possible. Social disorder such as crime would be diminished and eventually stop when society’s cogs and wheels are established. Another founding father of sociology is Max Weber. He was a German sociologist. His central focus was on the process of rationalization. He has a middle class protestant background. He defined sociology as the scientific study of human action. Social action is human conduct oriented toward others and based on social meaning given to that conduct.It involves other human beings and is based on intentions and ideas of individuals. It must understand the subjective meaning behind people’s actions and this makes sociology fundamentally different from natural sciences. Weber calls such understanding â€Å"verstehen†, which is the investigator’s attempt to understand human action by viewing the cause of the action through the actor’s eyes rather than his own. The theory became known as Interactionism. Weber focuses on social actions of individuals and says that society cannot think or act, only individuals can.There is an opposition to positivism. The subject matter of sociology is unique and it cannot be studied with principles/methods of natural sciences. It requires verstehen. Another founding father is Karl Marx. He was born on May 5, 1818 in the German city of Trier. His family was Jewish, but he later converted to Protestantism in 1824 in order to avoid anti-Semitic laws and persecution. Marx was forced to go to London in 1849, but he did not work alone. He had help of Friedrich Engels who had on his own developed a very similar theory of economic determinism.Although the id eas later acquired the term â€Å"Marxism†, it must always be remembered that Marx did not come up with them entirely on his own. Engels was also important for Marx in a financial sense. Poverty weighed heavily on Marx and his family. Karl Marx focuses on conflict and inequality. Conflict is a fact of life in society. There is conflict between various social groups derived from a conflict of interest which brings inequality. Power and resources are unevenly distributed in society. Such inequality is maintained by naked coercion or manipulation of norms and values. Marx was interested in a particular type of conflict.This was class conflict or conflict between classes. He says, â€Å" The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle†. Production is a key concept in Marxism. It is the production of material goods and services in society and is the most important human activity. Production is carried out in the context of cooperation between h uman beings. Out of productive activity, human beings organize themselves, establish relations with each other and form a society. Thus change through improves technology of production also implies a change in social relations.Processes of production have given rise to inequality between human beings because production has been carried out by means of exploitation of the majority of the population by a few. Classes are social units based on their relation to the means of production. The means used to produce goods and services example: land, factories, tools, machinery, raw materials etc. The dominant class are the minority who own means of production and the subordinate class are the majority who don’t. Production is carried out by exploitation of one class by the other and this leads to class conflict.Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat. All societies go through stages in history and are destined to reach the communist stage. The communist mode only is not based on class exploitatio n. Communism realizes classless society where no one dominates one another. Marx’s dichotomy of society. Society is divided into two levels: The base/infrastructure (economic) and the superstructure (non-economic sphere). According to Marx the superstructure plays significant role in society. Example: the state. Common view: The state is neutral institution representing the interest of all citizens and society as a whole.Marx’s view: the executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole â€Å"bourgeoisie† (the owners of production). Example: The state. The interest of the state coincide with those of the dominant class. Apparatuses of the state are used to protect capitalists’ interests against worker’s rebellion. There is a contrast with Durkheim. Durkheim says that norms and values of society produce social integration and harmony (social solidarity). Marx says that these norms and values are ideologies which suppress people’s opposition and resistance (which may look like harmony or consensus to Durkheim). Founding Fathers of Sociology Sociology can be defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior. It tries to acquire knowledge about society, and about how the humans making up these societies interact with each other. Auguste Comte was the first true father of sociology. He was the person who coined the term â€Å"sociology†. Other sociologist who can also be called the founding fathers of sociology include Weber, Marx, Engels and Durkheim. In this essay I will be looking at where these sociologists came from and the theories they came up with.Auguste Comte was a French social thinker and was the first person who coined the term â€Å"sociology†. He wanted to establish a science of society as a new discipline. He modeled sociological study around natural science and wanted to discover the laws of society. He aimed to study society through Social statics, which is the study of order and stability and Social dynamics, which is the study of social change. He wants to answer the question o f how one plans for change. One should think about in advance where you want to go and how to get there from here.One should be future oriented and goal oriented, achieving goals by optimal means. Social planning is designed to enhance social functioning by either changing the structural relations among people or providing a tangible support than enables an individual to cope with or overcome a social problem. It is necessary to plan in order to reduce uncertainty and enhance accountability. It also increases the potential for participation. Comte says that the process of change involves three stages; The future state, where the change has occurred.The present state, this is where we are in relation to where we want to get to and it is the period of planning and initiating the desired change. The last stage is the transition state, and asks the question of how we get from where we are to where we want to be. Comte’s idea for sociological study was based on the concept that so cieties evolve through three intellectual stages. These are the Theological stage, which involves the belief in the supernatural, the metaphysical stage, which is the transition stage and the positivistic stage which involves scientific thinking.After the third stage is reached, true understanding of the working of society becomes possible. Social disorder such as crime would be diminished and eventually stop when society’s cogs and wheels are established. Another founding father of sociology is Max Weber. He was a German sociologist. His central focus was on the process of rationalization. He has a middle class protestant background. He defined sociology as the scientific study of human action. Social action is human conduct oriented toward others and based on social meaning given to that conduct.It involves other human beings and is based on intentions and ideas of individuals. It must understand the subjective meaning behind people’s actions and this makes sociology fundamentally different from natural sciences. Weber calls such understanding â€Å"verstehen†, which is the investigator’s attempt to understand human action by viewing the cause of the action through the actor’s eyes rather than his own. The theory became known as Interactionism. Weber focuses on social actions of individuals and says that society cannot think or act, only individuals can.There is an opposition to positivism. The subject matter of sociology is unique and it cannot be studied with principles/methods of natural sciences. It requires verstehen. Another founding father is Karl Marx. He was born on May 5, 1818 in the German city of Trier. His family was Jewish, but he later converted to Protestantism in 1824 in order to avoid anti-Semitic laws and persecution. Marx was forced to go to London in 1849, but he did not work alone. He had help of Friedrich Engels who had on his own developed a very similar theory of economic determinism.Although the id eas later acquired the term â€Å"Marxism†, it must always be remembered that Marx did not come up with them entirely on his own. Engels was also important for Marx in a financial sense. Poverty weighed heavily on Marx and his family. Karl Marx focuses on conflict and inequality. Conflict is a fact of life in society. There is conflict between various social groups derived from a conflict of interest which brings inequality. Power and resources are unevenly distributed in society. Such inequality is maintained by naked coercion or manipulation of norms and values. Marx was interested in a particular type of conflict.This was class conflict or conflict between classes. He says, â€Å" The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle†. Production is a key concept in Marxism. It is the production of material goods and services in society and is the most important human activity. Production is carried out in the context of cooperation between h uman beings. Out of productive activity, human beings organize themselves, establish relations with each other and form a society. Thus change through improves technology of production also implies a change in social relations.Processes of production have given rise to inequality between human beings because production has been carried out by means of exploitation of the majority of the population by a few. Classes are social units based on their relation to the means of production. The means used to produce goods and services example: land, factories, tools, machinery, raw materials etc. The dominant class are the minority who own means of production and the subordinate class are the majority who don’t. Production is carried out by exploitation of one class by the other and this leads to class conflict.Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat. All societies go through stages in history and are destined to reach the communist stage. The communist mode only is not based on class exploitatio n. Communism realizes classless society where no one dominates one another. Marx’s dichotomy of society. Society is divided into two levels: The base/infrastructure (economic) and the superstructure (non-economic sphere). According to Marx the superstructure plays significant role in society. Example: the state. Common view: The state is neutral institution representing the interest of all citizens and society as a whole.Marx’s view: the executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole â€Å"bourgeoisie† (the owners of production). Example: The state. The interest of the state coincide with those of the dominant class. Apparatuses of the state are used to protect capitalists’ interests against worker’s rebellion. There is a contrast with Durkheim. Durkheim says that norms and values of society produce social integration and harmony (social solidarity). Marx says that these norms and values are ideologies which suppress people’s opposition and resistance (which may look like harmony or consensus to Durkheim).